Different veins - This is the expansion of subcutaneous veins with a diameter of over 3 mm.Different veins develop due to impaired venous valves and the weakness of the venous wall;At the same time, blood flow from the lower limbs increases the pressure in the vein, which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency.
Sometimes telangiectasia and reticular veins are misled by varicose opening.
These are veins of diameter 3 mm and less, they do not affect the venous outflow, but cause a clear cosmetic defect.
What is the spread of varicose veins?
The enlargement of varicose veins is present in 30 % of women and in 15 % of adulthood men.The spread of varicose veins of the lower limbs increases significantly with age and is present in most people over 60 years of age.The proportion of patients with trophic disorders in adulthood is only 1.8%, while in the elderly the indicator reaches 20%.At the same time, every fifth patient in life is faced with thrombophlebitis.Among the reasons leading to damage, the proportion of disabilities with vein disabilities is more than the arteries.
The main risk factors for the development of varicose veins are:
- Old age
- Female
- pregnancy
- Hormonal disorders
- A positive family story
Additional risk factors:
- smoking
- Arterial hypertension
- constipation
Literature for additional risk factors is controversial.In addition, the risk of developing a venous disease is low.
How are varicose veins manifest?
The most common manifestation is unevenly varicose veins protruding above the surface.In some cases, they can be barely noticeable or determined only by touch, in others they accept a coil with the formation of nodes or in appearance resemble a large grape bunch.
Often varicose veins are accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Feeling and tension in the legs
- Pulling pain and/or vein pain
- Rapid fatigue
- Itching of the skin of the feet
Rarely, varicose disease can cause restless leg syndrome and night cramps.
What are the dangers of the progression of varicose veins?
In the absence of treatment, the progression of varicose veins can lead to chronic venous insufficiency (CVN).The presence of HVN shows severe disorders of the lymphatic venous returns (clinical classes C3-C6 CEAP classification), which include: chronic edema (lymph), change in skin color (hyperpigmentation), venous eczema, skin compaction, trophic venous ulcer.
What are the complications of varicose veins?
Thromboflebitis-formation of a thrombus in a surface venous system is an event that faces 20% of patients with varicose veins.Such thrombosis is accompanied by severe pain, redness of the skin, sealing on the vein of the lower leg and/or thigh.In the absence of treatment, thrombotic masses can be distributed in a deep venous system.
Deep vein thrombosis (TGV) - In most cases, the start of the process is asymptomatic.When thrombosis spreads to the femur segment and pelvic vein, the main blood flow from the lower limbs is disturbed, which is accompanied by severe edema and pain syndrome and is considered a situation that strengthens life.
Pulmonary arterial thromboembolism (bodies) - In 10% of cases, thrombotic masses in the deep veins of the lower limbs are fragmented and migrated in the pulmonary arteries with blood flow, causing death.
What is needed for the correct diagnosis?
Given the variety of forms of vein diseases, every detail of the history of the disease and life of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases, transactions, the result of an external examination by a doctor and the most important is ultrasound, ultrasound, ultrasound dolectic vein scanning, it is important to make the correct diagnosis.The latter today is the most information accurate and non -invasive method for studying the veins of the lower limbs.
Treatment with varicose veins, the most common methods:
- Treatment of the drug-toning drugs have proven effective to reduce the symptoms of varicose veins, but they are not able to eliminate the varicose veins alone.Pharmacotherapy has been successfully used to prevent complications in risk groups, preoperative preparation and postoperative rehabilitation.
- Compression treatment - Wearing special medical knitwear in the form of golf, socks, tights.In some cases, multi -layer dressings with elastic bandages of various extensions and hardware pneum compression are used.The role of compression treatment is difficult to overestimate, it is present at almost every stage of the prevention and treatment of chronic veins.
- Introduction to the lumen of the veins of drugs that can cause it to be closed.This method is the gold standard for eliminating reticular veins.It has been successfully used in the treatment of varicose veins with a large diameter and has restrictions on the elimination of pathological blood flow of the main subcutaneous veins.
- Classic surgery - Combined phlebectomy, with modern efficiency, an outpatient basis in spinal or local anesthesia is performed.In some cases, this is the only possible way when target veins are very convincing and/or have high extensions.However, the method is a lower than the endo vascular traumatic procedures.
- Venous laser prison - A method of treating varicose veins in which the vein is not removed but closes from the inside with the energy of the laser radiation, which is inserted directly into the wholesale vessel with fiber.The effectiveness of the procedure is comparable to the results of surgical removal of the vein, while being characterized by minimal trauma.Rehabilitation time is 1-3 days.
- Radio prison - a progressive way of eliminating the pathological blood flow of the subcutaneous veins of the trunk.This is a completely outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia.The effectiveness of treatment corresponds to the level of classic phlebectomy, the pain syndrome is minimal or absent.Rehabilitation time is 1-2 days.